Response on War by Luigi Irony and Comments - 1453 Words

1. b) The conflict in the story War is an internal conflict within the fat traveler. The fat traveler lost his son and tried to hide his lamentation by being judicious. In the story he gave a speech to the other parents who travelled on the train informing them how their sons were born not only for the parent’s benefits. â€Å"If country is a natural necessity like bread, of which each of us must eat in order not to die of hunger, somebody must go to defend it.† Here the fat man advises the parents that if they really do love their country sending their sons out to protect it should make them feel proud.† Everyone should stop crying: everyone should laugh, as I do†¦ or at least thank God, as I do, because my son†¦..the best way he could have†¦show more content†¦2. This story is about war but it does not talk about the battle field or soldiers who are fighting for the war. To me the comment that I would make is a war can change everything. War is as small as a sound of a gunshot, or as big as the damage Chernobyl nuclear plant explosion can make. In the story â€Å"War† by Luigi Pirandello what I can understand is that the changes that a war can make to individuals are ineradicable and very hard to forget. The fat traveler tried so hard to forget about the sorrow he has about losing his son. He put on a fake mask and pretended to comfort the others when he needed comforting and compassion the most. In the end he finally expressed the pain by bursting into tears that could not be controlled. In other words human nature is to deny information that will create negative effects (in the story the loss of son) and deny certain truth (in this case the fat man’s son as he finally realizes is gone forever). As another example the bitterness that the Jews suffered from the Germans or the cruel crucifixion that the Chinese endured in the Second World War from the Japanese is ingrained into history and everyone nation/ worldwide. Some of the pains are carried through generations of people and are impossible to forget. A loss of a child is a loss of everything to many parents and the fat man isShow MoreRelatedPostmodernism in Literature5514 Words   |  23 PagesPostmodern literature The term Postmodern literature is used to describe certain tendencies in post-World War II literature. It is both a continuation of the experimentation championed by writers of the modernist period (relying heavily, for example, on fragmentation, paradox, questionable narrators, etc.) and a reaction against Enlightenment ideas implicit in Modernist literature. Postmodern literature, like postmodernism as a whole, is difficult to define and there is little agreement on the

External and Internal Analysis Mcdonalds Essay - 2377 Words

Date: August 23, 2010 To: Professor Kopka From: Veronica Salas Subject: Strategic Analysis for McDonalds EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS External Analysis There are two conditions that are most significant in McDonald’s external environment that are: 1. The new trend in which customers are changing fast –food restaurants to healthier ones. 2. The arising competition to achieve growth in this industry. The fast-food industry is very complex and saturated. The key success factors in APPENDIX 1 show that in order to be able to compete there is a need for research and development, achieve differentiation with your competition, create quality with your products, and be price competitive. Large capital is†¦show more content†¦They have already established certain steps all the franchises need to implement to create the final product; it is easier to change ingredients rather than changing all the operations in order to introduce new products. McDonalds will save money from the development of new product and use it to pay for the new healthier ingredients. This alternative also lets McDonalds reach new markets, without losing their image and brand recognition. While addressing to issue 2, the preeminent alternative is to create a long-term contract with a supplier t reduce costs. In order to produce new healthier products McDonalds needs to spend in buying the new products that will have a premium price. With this contract, McDonald will have a close relationship with the supplier and they will be both beneficiating from it. McDonalds will have the same products they need at a lower price. Their revenues would increase because they are satisfying their customers unmet needs. Last, the supplier would benefit from having a long-term buyer. APPENDIX 1: Selected External Analyses Key Success Factors for Industry Competition * Research and Development for new products * Quality of customer service * Trained employees * Competitive prices * Have strong relationships with supplier, in order to receive low cost raw materials. * Building trust and loyalty towards brand. * GoodShow MoreRelatedHuman Resource Planning and Development Leads to Success Essay examples1396 Words   |  6 Pagesorganization to ensure its workforce has necessary competencies or skills to meet the current and future job demands. In essence, human resource planning and development focuses on labor supply and demand in an organization. McDonalds’ Labor Demand and Supply: McDonalds Corporation is the leading fast food restaurant chain across the globe that serves tens of millions of customers on a daily basis. The corporation has fast food chains in more than 200 countries worldwide and customizes its foodRead MorePestle Analysis Of Mcdonalds1628 Words   |  7 PagesPESTLE analysis PESTLE is the analysis of the factors that could affect a business on a macro level. McDonalds franchise strategizes issues identified in this PESTLE analysis. The PESTLE analysis model determines the different external factors that offers opportunities or threats to the business based on its macro-environment. In the global fast food restaurant market, McDonalds is focused on economic and sociocultural factors. Nonetheless, the company’s success is indicative of its effective strategiesRead MoreMcdonalds : Mcdonald s Restaurant1146 Words   |  5 PagesEven McDonald has built in America but in recently, to describe McDonald’s restaurant, it is one of the biggest fast food restaurants in the world. Today, McDonald has cover more than 100 countries, more than 30,000 restaurants and serves more than 50 million worldwide in one day. McDonald use letter M with golden color for their logo, the logo is really important because the company show the brand quality and company has developed for customers for many years ago. However, the McDonald has beenRead MoreMcdonald s Business Strategy Analysis1465 Words   |  6 PagesEven McDonald has built in America but in recently, to describe McDonald’s restaurant, it is one of the biggest fast food restaurants in the world. Today, McDonald has cover more than 100 countries, more than 30,000 restaurants and serves more than 50 million worldwide in one day. McDonald use letter M with golden color for their logo, the logo is really important because the company show the brand quality and company has developed for customers for many years ago. However, the McDonald has beenRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Mcdonald s Australia Holdings1552 Words   |  7 PagesSWOT analysis of McDonald’s Australia Holdings 1. Executive analysisAustraliaï ¼Å¡SWOT analysis of McDonald’s Australia Holdings ä » £Ã¥â€ â„¢ This report intends to evaluate the external and internal environment of McDonald’s Australia Holdings, in which new product is to be realized and defining strategies appropriate to its realization. In this report, it will analyze the external and internal environments (SWOT) of the McDonald’s Australia Holdings, which includes the strengths, weakness, opportunities andRead MoreMcdonalds and Hotels1190 Words   |  5 PagesMcDonald s Hotels Written Case Analysis By Sean Bibbey SWOT Analysis External Environment The external environment of the hotel industry in is very competitive and already well established. Trends in the market include promotional campaigns to customers using the more bang for your buck, method. There are several different segments of the hotel industry including: luxury, upscale, mid-market with food and beverage, mid-market without food and beverage, economy, and budgetRead MoreForecasting Techniques For Planning Purposes977 Words   |  4 Pagesbut also a means of survival, which is why predicting the future, is so important for the short and long-term success of an organization. As the northeast vice president of operations for McDonalds, I have the complex and challenging role of ensuring accurate forecast are submitted for the internal and external demand for our products. In this paper, I will describe the demand techniques used for both my short-term and long-term planning and why these techniques are most affective. AdditionallyRead MoreIntroduction And Situational Analysis : Mcdonalds939 Words   |  4 PagesSituational Analysis Since it’s opening in April of 1955, McDonalds has become a popular global fast-food chain. Its popularity is mainly due to consistency, location and most importantly, price. By keeping food prices low, they gained the upper hand in the fast-food industry, but that doesn’t mean the food is also something to celebrate. McDonalds promoted the idea of cheap food at a cheap price. Their impact on global obesity increases as they gain more fame internationally. For years now McDonalds hasRead MoreMcdonald s Corporation : The World s Largest Chain Of Fast Food Restaurants Essay1600 Words   |  7 Pagesthrough more than 36,538 restaurants in 119 countries worldwide (McDonald s, n.d.). McDonald’s is one of the most valuable brands, worth more than $25 billion. The business began in 1940, with a barbecue restaurant opened by brothers Dick and Mac McDonald in San Bernardino, California. The present corporation dates its founding to the opening of a franchised restaurant by Ray Kroc in Des Plaines Illinois on April 15, 1955 (McDonald s, n.d.). The annual report of McDonald’s Corporation on Form 10-KRead MoreEthical Issues Facing McDonalds1772 Words   |  7 PagesProblem/Issue Identification Ethical Issues Facing McDonalds McDonalds puts in a lot of effort in supporting children with severe diseases. However, the diet this company offers contributes to heart diseases, asthma, obesity, and likely even mad cow disease. Adults and children are getting the wrong message in the society today. For instance, around 59 of 250 hospitals house fast food restaurants. Expenditure on fast foods from McDonalds has been on the rise as years pass by. The company has been

Most Difficult Thing I Ever Learned to Do Free Essays

â€Å"the most difficult thing I ever learned to do† Most pepole have learned many things to do and some of the learning is the hardest of the others . For me ,The most difficult thing I ever learned to do in is how to live as an immigrant . Most of all,The lack of English proficiency was a barrier to a better life. We will write a custom essay sample on Most Difficult Thing I Ever Learned to Do or any similar topic only for you Order Now When I came to the United States ,I couldn’t find any word to express my self in English. Learning english was not easy for me especially when you want to learn academic English as third language . However ,my friends said â€Å"If you do feel that English is not easy don’t worry you are not the only one â€Å". I know that who I am not the only onehas this problem. I don’t give up, I’ll try to do my best as good as possible. The second reason why moving to the United States was so hard to me,living to a different country has opened my eyes to many cultural differences. I was not sure If american society would accept me or if any one could ever talk to me. Iran has a very different cultural background in the ways of seeing things,traditions,and interpreting the world . I often felt torn between the U. S. culture and culture of mine. It took time to overcome these problems and communicate effectively across cultures. Another reason ,Since I lived with my parents I had never experience living alone . As an independent person , I have a lot of things to handle them such as working and money mangment . I can’t imagine how could I organize all of these by myself . Probably, living independently can brings to be more responsiblility,but for me it was one of the hardest things I hade to leran in the U. S. The Last reason things were difficult for me , I had to control my emotions . When I migrated to another country ,I began a new life without support and attention of my family . I became far away from Enviroment which was full of sweet bitter memories and this fact got me depressed. After several month,I found some way to control my emotions and to make myself happy . Now , I think living in U. S. is the hardest thing i learned to but definetly It taught me â€Å"the past is past , live now† and I can it do if I want to do. How to cite Most Difficult Thing I Ever Learned to Do, Essay examples

Family Evolution and Decision Making Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Family Evolution and Decision Making. Answer: Introduction Over the years, the family has evolved socially, politically and economically from traditional to advanced practice. Nonetheless, the primary globally accepted mode of change within the family is an evolution regarding decision making and public participation of women from the public to the new spheres. Shirley Jackson, in the short story the Lottery depicts the life of a traditional family full of patriarchal crisis (Jackson, 2005).Sylvia Chidi, in his poem Modern woman uses the traditionally accepted norms and beliefs on women to glorify the modern woman. Unlike the past, she says today joy is no longer a boy as a woman has more skills to deploy ("Modern Woman Poem by Sylvia Chidi - Poem Hunter," 2017). The entire poem of Sylvia Chidi has based in a modern family set up where feminism has taken place, and men have the belief that time has changed and women have been empowered; they are therefore seeking for a modern woman who can perform her traditional roles and at the same time r emains civilized. The poem is a clear depiction of the evolution family has undergone from patriarchy to modern feminism which is appreciated by all genders. On the other hand, Erick Edelman, in his inspirational novel; Ordinary people, extraordinary Wealth. Understands that family evolution has already taken place where both women and men have been empowered, he identifies the need for giving both the genders opportunity to use the knowledge they have acquired to develop themselves. The title of his book, however, provides future hope as there are 5,000 extraordinary America who has prospered. He reveals the secrets for others to help them flourish in the now and future (Edelman, 2009). Concepts of Family Evolution Families have changed over the years due to modernization that has prompted globalization thus fostering for the changes across the world. Women rights have also improved from traditional constraints where women had no voice in a society where women compete with men for same opportunities across many parts of the world. Conceptually, the family has evolved socially, economically and ecologically. For instance, the lottery restricts women rights to decision making as the story presents the woman as a product of sabotage, marginalization, and nonparticipant in matters impacting on family welfare. Children and men participate in the lottery activity while women are limited. Mr. Summer, the leader of the lottery calls all the heads of the household while women are not invited and allowed to participate in the activity in anyway (Jackson, 2005). The poem the Modern woman' on the other hand depicts a socially evolved society with some elements of traditional civilization where women are ex pected to embrace modernity and at the same time maintain their traditional roles. Ordinary people, extra ordinary wealth depicts a modern social-economic where both men and women have equal opportunities to get anything they want without any limitations. Identities of Family Evolution Family identities have evolved regarding responsibilities, duties, and participation; in the past families were identified concerning societal gender limitations where men were given more power over women. Societal disfavor of women ended when women were able to identify their strengths, fought and got out of their societal stereotypes. Women continue to fight for equal rights around the globe by empowering young women and even their male counterparts with the hope of securing a better tomorrow. Today women are respected not because they are in competition with their male counterparts but because the men can understand and support women and together they can achieve much, thus the phase Ordinary people, extraordinary wealth.' Family identity evolution is depicted in the following ways; in the lottery story, Mr. Summers wife protest and attack him as she is against women exclusion, the whole village turns and attacks her. The modern woman poem depicts an identity where both women have adapted civilization and men desire such kind of women. "Contemporary men" don't want to identify with "uncivilized women," instead they want women who fit into the modern societal identities. The novel Ordinary people, extra ordinary wealth on the other hand depicts a brighter future where all genders have been empowered with prosperity knowledge thus prompting the rise of prosperous people to over 5,000. Times and Places Family behaviors, attitudes, and social construction have greatly evolved in the modern times where women rights have been given a voice and patriarchy which is an old slogan is slowly being forgotten (Jackson, 2005). The current women have not gained full power in the modern times, but they are on the verge of accessing freedom where men are beginning to appreciate women but still expects them to be traditional ("Modern Woman Poem by Sylvia Chidi - Poem Hunter," 2017 ). The future society is likely is a promising all-inclusive family times where success is not measured on gender but on modern times prosperity through the joint efforts of men and women (Edelman, 2009). The content of family evolution is dependent is on time and place. As time dictates our actions while place influences our behavior Conclusion The changes in the family can be related to awareness creation which has promoted the desire to a better family where all individuals are respected, and joint efforts of man and women are participatory decision making is predicted to improve economic prosperity. References Edelman, R. (2009).Ordinary People, Extraordinary Wealth: The 8 Secrets of How 5,000 Ordinary Americans Became Successful Investors--and How You Can Too. Harper Collins. Jackson, S. (2005). The lottery and other stories. Farrar, Straus, and Giroux Modern Woman Poem by Sylvia Chidi - Poem Hunter. (2017). PoemHunter.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017, from https://www.poemhunter.com/poem/modern-woman/

Education Studies Learning Style Lessons

Learning refers to the acquisition of skills through a study. The rate of skills perception depends on a person’s sense of the surrounding and likes. Depending on these two factors, a person can prefer to use one or several styles of learning. These styles of learning include aural, visual, verbal, social, logical, solitary and physical. Use of these strategies of learning assists to form the base of understanding.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Education Studies: Learning Style Lessons specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this way, a person appreciates the use of acquired knowledge in a practical situation of problem solving. It is, therefore, vital to enumerate and evaluate the need and importance of proper learning styles. In this enumeration and evaluation, I will describe and create a plan for a lecture incorporating and emphasizing on three styles of learning. A lesson plans inculcates students with the required wisdom, skills and knowledge. In so doing, the plan manages time and warrants proper and effective use of facilities. Also, the need of a lesson plan is appreciated for the easy and broad overview it provides to a lecturer. This overview enhances organization of the lecture and incorporation of different learning styles. Lack of proper organization causes introduction of divergent ideas, misinformation and inconsistent topics. It is, therefore, clear that teaching performance requires appropriate strategies to improve learning skills. In a lesson designed to study about learning styles, I can determine the goals for the lesson. For instance, the goals could include the student’s prediction of the styles, determination of basic styles and learning strategies awareness. In this way, the lecture is directed and properly instructed to achieve the core its needs. A lecture without a targeted goal remains unstructured and fails to deliver its role in most cases. The ne cessity of structuring a lecture is, therefore, a fundamental tool to consider in every lecture. The materials required during the study of learning styles would include a description outline of discussion topics and activities, writing materials, questions, handout and PowerPoint presentation. The complements of a lecture determine its effectiveness. It prevents monotony of teaching and learning styles that could lead to boredom.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This complementation also ensures coverage of many styles hence retaining students’ styles of learning remain unbiased. For instance, a lecture on learning style above could involve visual PowerPoint presentation incorporating pictures, students’ demonstration, critical observation of logically manipulated pictures that could trigger thinking and remembrance, discussions on personal views on styles, reading, dict ating and writing of notes. The study objectives will be to learn the 7 styles, making students understand the styles they prefer and how they achieve more with the new knowledge about learning styles. The objectives break the goals to the aims of primary achievements. These objectives are tools for the achievement of the goals. Failure to consider objectives in the lesson plan leads to lack of order and organization hence unacceptable implications. In the case presented herein, the materials described above clearly gives an overall view of the learning styles to be used. Visual learners acquire knowledge through observation. The strategy may involve the use of handouts, PowerPoint presentation, demonstration and use of pictures. On the other hand, there are the auditory learners who have the preference to listen. This style of learning improvised here is the aural learning style. Learners involve themselves in discussions and lectures as in this case. Another style depicted in this study is the verbal learning style. The lecture involves writing, explaining and reasoning because there are questions asked for discussion and dictation of notes. In respect to this discussion, I can point out that the lesson would be complemented and effective in its achievement. I have a notion of struggling tenaciously to discourage online learning used nowadays. It replaces many learning strategies that ought to be part of effective learning. Unless instructors involve students with assignments, it is more likely that the viability of this way of learning would lead to reluctance and immature certification (Gibson, 1998).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Education Studies: Learning Style Lessons specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, online learning incorporating the use of diverse methods and activities as well as tutorials might be quite effective. It is, therefore, crucial to note the need of proper i nstructor performance in this mode of learning due to its sensitivity. A research was performed to compare the effectiveness of on-campus studies with online studies. The research depicted dependence among the on-campus students against the independent online students. However, it is vital to appreciate the need and the presence of a visible instructor. Presence of an instructor enables implementation of proper personal behaviors, physical interactions and demonstration that enable higher levels of understanding (Nilson, 2010). We should also note that online learning cannot instruct and direct experiments in a proper way. These points drive to the idea that a lecture interaction employs more learning style than online study. Organization of the study is a key factor for consideration when learning. For order enhancement, learning should be consistent throughout the set period (Nilson, 2010). This could be implemented through incorporation of the strategies described in the previous paragraphs in an organized manner. The lecture could start by trying to figure out what the students already know about learning style. Asking a question about how students learn during their course is a fit question example. In this way, students express their knowledge in a way that one understands and differentiates the obvious thing from the topics that require intensive consideration. The lecturer then describes the meaning of learning and introduces the basic concept in the lesson. When making the introduction and explaining, the lecturer uses reading style of learning, writing style of learning and logic style of learning to transfer knowledge to students. Lastly, assessments and assignments are necessary to help students have personal readings or discussions among themselves. This is an attribute that involves students in further research study, solitary study and group discussions when trying to improve their performance.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It makes students read harder, research and discuss for better understanding. The assessments, also, displays students rate of learning. The assignment will involve students in active study when working to complete it. In conclusion, effective learning in education relies on the use of different teaching and learning styles. Use of these styles will not only enhance knowledge acquisition but also enhance remembrance of learnt topics. Learners should reconsider using more than one style of learning instead of relying on a single style that does not meet the needs of learning. We should, therefore, take a role of familiarizing these styles among students to enable them understand and achieve their educational dreams. In this way, student will find it easy to understand and retain information in their minds for a long time. This will, in turn, lead to wiser generations, more improvisation and a higher count of discoveries. References Gibson, C. C. (1998). Distance learners in higher ed ucation: institutional responses for quality outcomes. Madison, Wis.: Atwood Publisher. Nilson, L. B. (2010). Teaching at its best: a research-based resource for college instructors (3rd ed.). San Fransisco, CA: John Wiley Sons, Inc./Jossey-Bass. This essay on Education Studies: Learning Style Lessons was written and submitted by user John Ellis to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Short Story Analysis - A&P

Short Story Analysis 1 The short story titled â€Å"A characters, setting, and the plot. However, the most important aspect to look at when analyzing a story is the theme. It is necessary to understand the theme of a story so that one can comprehend the moral that the author is trying to express. Updike paints a picture for the reader throughout the story to make the reader feel as if they were there. The story consists of a young man, Sammy, working in a small town’s grocery store on a warm summer afternoon. The customers that come into the store are mostly old and conservative people. Three girls, described well by Updike, walk into the store and change Sammy’s life. The story seems to show the first stage of his metamorphosis from boy to man. The events that lead up to the point where he finally breaks slowly give the impression that something will happen. The point in the beginning in which the old women bickers at him for adding the same item twice point out that something huge may ensue. The point which pushes Sammy over the edge is when his boss comes in to scold the girls for not wearing proper attire for the store policy. This is when Sammy transforms from the boy which his parents once controlled to the new man he becomes. Sammy tells his boss, Lengel, that he quits. When Lengel tells him he doesn’t want to do this to his mom and dad, Sammy finally decides its time to grow up and stick up for himself. He tells Lengel that he is done for good and walks out a new man. Everyone grows up or at least begins to grow up after a specific moment in his or her life. John Updike does a wonderful job of conveying this message to the reader, using great detail of the events that occurred. He shows that Sammy. seemingly controlled by his parents his entire life, finally rebels and escapes that grasp that so firmly held him. The ... Free Essays on Short Story Analysis - A&P Free Essays on Short Story Analysis - A&P Short Story Analysis 1 The short story titled â€Å"A characters, setting, and the plot. However, the most important aspect to look at when analyzing a story is the theme. It is necessary to understand the theme of a story so that one can comprehend the moral that the author is trying to express. Updike paints a picture for the reader throughout the story to make the reader feel as if they were there. The story consists of a young man, Sammy, working in a small town’s grocery store on a warm summer afternoon. The customers that come into the store are mostly old and conservative people. Three girls, described well by Updike, walk into the store and change Sammy’s life. The story seems to show the first stage of his metamorphosis from boy to man. The events that lead up to the point where he finally breaks slowly give the impression that something will happen. The point in the beginning in which the old women bickers at him for adding the same item twice point out that something huge may ensue. The point which pushes Sammy over the edge is when his boss comes in to scold the girls for not wearing proper attire for the store policy. This is when Sammy transforms from the boy which his parents once controlled to the new man he becomes. Sammy tells his boss, Lengel, that he quits. When Lengel tells him he doesn’t want to do this to his mom and dad, Sammy finally decides its time to grow up and stick up for himself. He tells Lengel that he is done for good and walks out a new man. Everyone grows up or at least begins to grow up after a specific moment in his or her life. John Updike does a wonderful job of conveying this message to the reader, using great detail of the events that occurred. He shows that Sammy. seemingly controlled by his parents his entire life, finally rebels and escapes that grasp that so firmly held him. The ...

Law of Evidence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Law of Evidence - Essay Example in circumstances that render them unreliable. The obvious test is whether or not the statement was made voluntarily or not as evidence by the Section 76(2) of PACE. There are other safeguards against the admission of a confession that may have been improperly obtained and thus rendering them unreliable. Section 78 of PACE provides that a confession may be excluded if admitting the confession would render the proceedings unfair.4 Section 82(3) of PACE incorporates the common law principle of judicial discretion and permits the exclusion of a confession statement if its prejudicial effect would exceed it probative value.5 The main purposes of the safeguards against admitting confession statements was articulated by Lord Griffiths in Lam Chi-Ming v R as follows: Their Lordships are of the view that the more recent English cases established that the rejection of an improperly obtained confession is not dependent only upon possible unreliability but also upon the principle that a man cann ot be compelled to incriminate himself and upon the importance that attaches in a civilized society to proper behaviour by police towards those in their custody.6 Thus the protections contemplated by PACE relative to the admissibility of confessions are three fold: to safeguard against the admissibility of unreliable confessions; to protect the accused person’s right against self-incrimination; and to protect the accused person from police impropriety. Although a judge following a voire dire (a trial outside the presence of the jury) may rule that the confession was obtained fairly and is thus admissible, the circumstances in which the confession was obtained may nevertheless be laid out before the jury. For instance, in Musthtaq the House of Lords ruled that a judge must instruct the jury that if, despite the judge’s admission of the confession, if they find that the confession was obtained oppressively or improperly, they are required to disregard it.7 It was also he ld in Wizzard v R. that the judge must instruct the jury to disregard a confession admitted into evidence if: There is a possibility that the jury may conclude that a statement was made by the defendant, that statement was true, but, the statement was, or may have been, induced by oppression.8 Thus the courts have expounded upon the protections articulated in PACE relative to the admissibility of a confession statement. The main purpose is to safeguard against an unfair and unjust outcome by protecting the accused’s right against self-incrimination, protect the accused against police impropriety and to safeguard against the admission of an unreliable statement. Building on the protection purposes implicit in PACE, Lord Steyn stated in Mitchell v R that the jury ought not to know that the admissibility of a confession statement was determined in a voire dire. As Lord Steyn noted: There is no logical reason why the jury should know about the decision of the judge. It is irrelev ant

The Financial Crisis of 2007 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

The Financial Crisis of 2007 - Research Paper Example The 2007 financial crisis proved to be the worst financial crisis in the history of finance. Nowadays, economies are not surviving in isolation but, actually, they are interlinked and due to this reason a fluctuation in one economy can have significant impact on other countries’ economies as well. Lately, due to this reason some major bankruptcy issues were faced by countries like Italy, Greece and Egypt. In this regard, it becomes essential to get insights about the major triggers behind financial crisis so as to develop some individual backup plans in order to survive in the times of recessions and financial crisis. For each individual, it is imperative to understand the basic criteria of spending and investment during the times of recession. Subsequent paragraphs expansively provide insights about the major triggers behind global financial crisis and events that led to these crises. Major Triggers Behind Global Financial Crisis 2007 The major reason behind the occurrence of global financial crisis 2007 was the crash of the US housing markets. This situation was mainly caused by the issuance of subprime mortgage and subsequent defaults of the U.S. in the beginning of new millennium, the world’s economy faced serious concerns including terrorists’ attacks of 9/11, collapse of dot com bubble followed by recession 2007.

Personal impression of Car designer Chris Bangle and his design Essay

Personal impression of Car designer Chris Bangle and his design - Essay Example BMW simultaneously passed Mercedes Benz and took the global leader title in sale of premium cars. He stood firmly for his designs and defended them against any criticisms. He retired from BMW after introducing GINA, a car of stunning concept, in 2009 (Bangle 4). In 2010, he brought his unique insight and extensive knowledge of design as he featured in annual design festivals in Victoria. Chris Bangle has inspired many people in the world of automotive design including children (Braes 12). However, Bangle states that art is the only secret to great cars. He says that automobiles refer to the embodiment of art, sculpture and entertainment that coincidentally provide transportation. In order for automobile design to be successful, the designer has to make very decisive designs. Bangle is the founding father of BMWs, which are very popular up to-date. He believes that automobile design is the only pinnacle of design, while others are only substrate forms. Today, the automobile has become a product with very high significant impact and emotional properties in the society. After houses, they are the second biggest purchased major properties in Bangle’s view. Developments in Automobile industry Automobile design has evolved from the frontier between science, art, and market, to progressively becoming an aesthetic reference (Bangle 5). Aspects like aesthetic appeal, brand expression and impression, and emotional response are greatly influenced by the appearance of the product and therefore it has become an area of great concern among automotive manufacturers and designers today. Factors that are related to aesthetic and identity like interior and exterior styling that increase a car’s attractiveness are the number one criteria in purchasing across the world. Bangle was very keen on this and that is what has made his car models very popular and classic until today. Activities in automobile design involve shaping the car until all its aspects are visible. This is in styling the shape of the outer body and interior’s graceful appointments, together with arrangement of the engine compartment components. Bangle (17) says that before technical features are evaluated, the direct perception of the vehicle plays a much bigger role in determining whether the vehicle will be accepted or rejected. According to Bangle, automobile design involves taking into account many elements like car function, market, distribution, production, promotion, safety, price reduction and environmental concerns. The Effects of Bangle’s Design Movement to the Industrial Design Industry Regardless of many sentiments from many critics, Bangle has significantly affected the industrial design industry (Braes 21). His one and half decade of service in automobile designs for Munich manufacturers was marked in his 2009 retirement. To understand the contributions that he has had in automobiles industry, it is important to take a look at BMW’s styling before and after his service. Since the 1960s stunning CS couples, BMW design was so conservative that getting more progress was rare. Conservativeness was like the polite way of saying and staying dull. However, the pr esence of Bangle really transformed the styling of BMW. It is not a wonder that within a short while, it overtook great cars like Mercedes Benz in demand and price in the market. The BMW’s driving dynamics and power trains were the envy of many manufacturers (Georgano 56). Its styling made their rivals spend sleepless nights, hence striving to improve their designs. Consequently, there was marked improvement in the industrial de

Influences on Online Consumer Buying Behaviour

Influences on Online Consumer Buying Behaviour Among the online shoppers there are many potential online consumers with an intention to purchase, but only few finishes the buying process (Shim et al. 2001). Buyers are online consumers who really make a purchase but browsers are the online shoppers who perform to access the online stores to retrieve the details of products and services but are not in intention to purchase (Law Bai, 2008). But there are studied that clearly explain the ways to convert an online shopper of browser to an buyer (Ranaweera et al. 2008). The web pages portrayal of its ambience and reliance helps the online browser to buy or not to, only the initial purchase satisfaction and experience of convenience online can make the online consumer come back again. Oliver (1999) found that the intentions of online shoppers with repeat of purchases will help to build relationship oriented online stores leading to online consumer loyalty. Constantinides (2004) clearly stated that there few influential factors which ar e external and internal that affect the online consumption behaviour. 1.0 INFLUENTIAL ASPECTS OF ONLINE CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOUR Kotler (2003) stated the online consumers behaviour is the learning process of the online consumers online store experience, search of information, and decision making of the buying process. The figure 1 clearly depicts the influential aspects of online consumer buying behaviour which are considered to posses uncontrollable and controllable aspects. The Kotler (2003) work is further is further enhanced by the addition of controllable aspects for online store experience by Constantinides (2004). The online consumer behaviour is basically based on the whole impression of online stores portal. (Constantinides, 2004) The strike of emotions occurred and other psychological factors while shopping in the web portal results to the overall online behaviour of the consumer. The web portal expelling the weak emotions or bad experience of online store is mostly likely to lose the potential online consumer compared to that of a web portal which portrays good online shopping experience. Due to the bad experiences in online stores, the online consumers choose to shop offline and prefer offline more rather online stores for future purchases. Yang et al. (2003) found that the online consumers prefer the websites that directs them step by step procedure for purchase decision rather than online stores that just direct online buyer to products. Czinkota and Kotabe (2001) states the uncontrollable aspects of online consumers like demographics and culture is not under the control of online store marketers. Constantinides (2002) work stated the fact that the experience that takes place during online shopping between buyer and seller through virtual interaction medium has major influence compared to other aspects to influence the online consumer behaviour. Finally the major impact on online consumers purchasing behaviour is mainly influenced by content, functionality and psychological behavioural factors (Constantinides, 2004). Jayawardhena et al (2007) study proves that the factor that generally motivates the online consumer to buying process is the maximum of control over their online shopping. But study of Sun (2010) proves that the online consumers are driven to buying process on the backgrounds of relationship excellence. 1.2 CONTENT ASPECT The features and appearance of the website is referred as the content factors of ecommerce. Kotler (1984) defined the aesthetics aspect of atmospheric factor that influences the shoppers buying behaviour. The outlook and interior brightnes and feel of the brick and mortar stores adds to the buying behaviour of the consumer (Areni and Kim, 1994), whereas the online consumers prefer the online stores with great visibility and good quality. Conroy (2006) claims that the visual and aural effects of web store can create attention and attraction among the online consumers, where this claims supports the study of Areni and Kim (1994). For instance flipkart.com creates attention and attraction of online consumers in India with good appearance of webpage appearance and product reviews. Functionality aspects of web store and online consumers webpage attraction is possibly created by highlighting sensory stimuli for the web stores (Parson and Conroy, 2006). The process of converting browsers to actual buyers can take place by clearly communicating the aesthetics of web store intensions to online consumers (Wang et al. 2010). Constantinides (2004) stated the positive aspects that motivate online consumer are better tracking facilities and preferable delivery options. The need for segmenting the online consumers based on buying behaviour helps to break them in groups and target with intensions. 1.2 PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT Consumers decision making process is vastly affected by the online store experience and behaviour are the main impacts of psychological aspects (Mcguire, 1976), Most online customers tend to terminate the online purchase for the reason of trust concern (Grabner-Krà ¤uter and Kaluscha, 2003). Major online retailers created a trustful atmosphere for online consumers by providing guarantees and return policies which help to eliminate the customers anxiety over online transactions. Web store option of frequently answered questions creates a positive element to the psychological aspect of the browser or buyer while shopping online. Online purchase returns without many hindrances and dissatisfaction handling of online consumer are all the additions to motivation for purchase decision process (Constantinides, 2004). 1.3 FUNCTIONALITY ASPECT The online stores usability and interactivity are the main factors associated for aspects of functionality. These factors are involved to influence in the process of buying decision of online consumer (Constantinides, 2004). Online consumption growth for years growing but the usability is getting complicated but by providing consumers with required information it is becoming minimal effort to use online shopping compared to offline. Online consumer are also provided ordered way to search for information and process the buying decision making properly navigated with proper net functionalities (Constantinides, 2004). Convenience and saving of time is the primary goal for any online shopper but with improper web store navigation and poor quality of the web store impacts the online consumer behaviour negatively to become a browser than a buyer (Nah and Davis, 2002) 2.0 SEGMENTATION OF E-CONSUMERS Online new buyers, experienced buyers and potential buyers are the three different segmented e-consumer groups in the e-commerce industry which is derived from the study of Hernà ¡ndez-Ortega et al. (2008). Online new buyers are the segmented e-consumers who are already familiar online purchase patterns but are shopping online for better deal driven or options. Online buyers who shop frequently and are easily adapted to online shopping structure are the experienced online buyers, these consumers are the most essential for the online stores value building and experienced buyers should under track on to maintain their loyalty. The online buyers with an intension to purchase online and are even chances of repeating online shopping can be turned to potential buyers by online stores efforts (Gronroos, 2004). The segmentation of online consumers is clearly done based on their shopping patterns is to define their online consumption behaviour to target certain strategies to turn them to ret urn online stores and create a sense of loyalty. It is done only by understanding and analysing the online shopping behaviour like price sensitivity, shopping activeness, balance of orientation, convenience and brand loyalty (Jayawardhena et al. 2007). 2.1 SENSIVITY TOWARDS PRICE Online consumers behaviour based on sensitivity of price are the economic online consumers according to study of Brown et al. (2003). Consumers from this segregated group are more concerned at the value for money attitude. Price sensitivity consumers will not give any attention towards online stores convenience or time aspects. These consumers choose the best possible product/service for their investment (Vijayasarathy, 2003). Online consumers who are price sensitive are large in number compared to other segmented online consumers, basically it is believed that major number of online consumers choose online stores over offline for finding value for money products/services (Brown et al. 2003). 2.2 BALANCED IN THE ORIENTATION Darden and Ashton (1975) termed this set of online consumers as discerning buyers or balanced buyers, these consumers are require all the preferential aspects of online shopping in a balanced manner. These consumers are loyal, take time to shop but will go for the best product/service that provides the balance of all their requirements. But according to study of Jayawardhena et al. (2007) convenience is proved to play key role in defining their online shopping preference compared to other aspects, further this set of online consumers are cannot be targeted very easily as the other online consumers. 2.3 LOYALTY TOWARDS BRAND The firm online sales can be steadily maintained with this set of consumers, who are loyal to the firm resulting in purchase of only their product/service. Browser can be converted to a buyer, if the brand has the potential to create loyalty among the browsers (Dawar and parker, 1994). Well recognition of brand and brands loyalty can help to lower the online consumers trust issues and risk aspects (Huang et al. 2004). All these aspects add to the well recognised brand to posses higher amount of market share compared to that of unrecognised brand. This segment of online consumers is recognised to be moderately high in number (Jayawardhena et al. 2007). 2.4 SHOPPING ACTIVENESS Online consumers who shop online for recreation belong to the aspect of shopping activeness. Online consumers from this aspect take pleasure in online shopping even if they purchase or not. Allred et al. (2006) considers that this segment of online consumers cannot be targeted by any motivational factors, as they shop for enjoyment of shopping than just purchasing. But Brown et al. (2003) considers few strategies to impact to attract these group by promotional offers, offering sample is possible, catalogues, design of a attractive web store can all add up to push to consumer to purchase product/service rather than just shopping. This further adds that if the consumer can also enjoy the whole buying process, chances of buying is more. These segment of online consumers are least compared to other segments (Jayawardhena et al. 2007) 2.5 CONVENIENCE The segment of online consumers wants to overcome inconvenience of travelling to offline stores, escape weather conditions, and eliminate the limitation of product/service varieties (Vijayasarathy, 2003). Some other preferences adding to this group are shopping pleasure and necessity. This segment of consumers depend convenience but this group are not in large compared to price sensitive consumers (Jayawardhena et al. 2007). The study on online consumer purchase patterns and behaviours are all most similar to that of offline consumers behaviours, the major identification in this study is that online shopping is just another channel of consumption of goods or services (Jayawardhena et al. 2007). But the conclusion that online shopping and offline shopping is similar is not the right consideration, below further study is done to define differences of offline and online consumers. 3.0 OFFLINE CONSUMERS AND ONLINE CONSUMERS The fast growth of internet penetration globally created a hugs shift of consumption channels from offline to online through the platform of e-commerce (Iqbal et al. 2002). Online consumers mostly are educated, mostly young and well-off tends to opt for online shopping over the offline channel (Allred et al. 2006). The difference in offering of value among the offline and online consumers is well studied by Iqbal et al. (2002). The online consumer enjoys the value of efficiency, features, speed in traction and price. The offline consumer enjoys the value of immediate customer service, quality, tangibility and promotional offers. Online and offline shopping has its own disadvantages and advantages for its consumers. The aspects that influence the purchasing behaviour of consumers in offline and online are same, only the tools used to target the offline and online consumers differ (Constantinides, 2004). But the tools that are available for influencing online consumption are numerous b ut there are various issues associated to it, the further discussion highlights the identified issue. 4.0 LIMITATIONS OF ONLINE STORES Lepkowska-White et al. (2004) study proved that various issues of online stores creates a sense worry for online consumers, mainly the issues which arise are complication of product/service information, product delivery, security and privacy issues, limited relationship and low customer service. Despite the various issues associated with online shopping, there aspects like e-retailers core competencies (Hofacker, 2008) that drive the online success even over the external factors like culture and demographic (Quelch and Klien, 1996). Web store is a virtual store executed and created on software programmes, several flaws would arise if the software program is not well designed. Bauer et al. (2006) research stated that online stores cannot balance its consumers with good functions of online shopping and better online store experience. Online store servers response time is also main issue under online consumer trust. Online store server with fast response can build trust and server with delay over the clicks can cause worry among the consumers (Cao and Zhao, 2004). The expenses that are saved from offline store structure by the online store is equally leveraged by the effort to bring and build e-sales. The main aspects of online store limitations are further discussed. 4.1 LEGAL AND REGULATORY CONCERNS Various issues regarding legal and regulatory grounds are being faced by various online stores for its negligence of its consumers legal and regulatory concerns. Wijnholds and Little, 2001 stated that the regulatory issue are related to geographical position. Online stores have to obey and abide to the governing rules which challenge sensitive privacy issues of online consumers. There are various online stores that secretly stored the consumer shopping details to target them with appropriate strategies for instance Amazon.com, where its strategy was opposed by few governing councils like European Union, where a rule was passed out to inform consumers prior to collection of their shopping details (Simnett,1999). This rule raised concerns for e-retailers to build trust among consumers and create strategies to market. Taxation is another concern for e-retailers trading globally, where different geographical location charge different amount of tax. The online store prices have variation according to consumers geographical origin. Online stores change their web portal according to various governing rules to operate in various countries (Eaglesham and Tucker, 1999). 4.2 SECURITY AND RISK Online consumers behaviour is mainly affected by the trust issue, the whole trading process is carried out in the e-commerce industry under value of trust and privacy (Constantinides, 2004). Lot of online sales are terminated or discontinued on the transaction process due to the trust issues between buyer and seller (Grabner-Krà ¤uter and Kaluscha, 2003). There are two kinds of trust that is described by Sun (2010), affective trust and cognitive trust. Affective trust is the emotional relationship between the seller and buyer, cognitive trust deals with integrity and benevolence. Online stores with built trust among its consumers can make them feel high satisfaction, less risk, high intensity to browse the online store for new or better products/services lead to increase in online sales. There are various third-party assurances given by various government agencies (Constantinides, 2004). They are specifically termed as third party assurance (TPA), many online stores failed to effect ively communicate its third party assurance to it consumers to build trust. TPA is classified as mark of trust that certain online store is trust worthy to make a purchase decision (Kimery  and  McCord,  2006). The two aspects related to purchase making decision are relationship with the seller and online stores information of product/service. Among all the online consumers many prefer a know online store compared to unknown online store for shopping. The unknown store to attract new online consumers and retain them need to focus on web store design and core competencies and finally by building trust the online store can also attract online consumers traffic (Constantinides, 2004). Li et al. (2008) from the study it is identified that the online store from its designing stage itself has to consider the trust and privacy concerns for their consumers. 5.0 E-RETAILERS IMPLICATIONS An E-retailer effort to push the consumer to overcome the barriers to make a purchase decision is the tough task to convert a browser into a buyer for its store. Nonetheless there are various external and internal aspects that influence the online consumer during the buying process. There are various web-store plannings and online marketing strategies available to influence the consumption behaviour of online buyers (Kolesar and Galbraith, 2000; Constantinides, 2002; Allred et al. 2006). Constantinides (2002) recommended 4 fundamentals model of S (system, synergy, site and scope or strategy) of online marketing strategy. This fundamental model can improve all areas of online selling. The system aspect of the model deals with online firm administration and requirements of technology. The synergy aspect of the model deals with the integration of its functions in relation to partnerships and legal requirements. The site aspect of the model deals with design of web store to create and ma intain the satisfaction level of shopping experience among browsers and buyers. Finally the scope aspect of the model deals with researching the market information of consumer patterns to form strategies that match the online consumer behaviour that suits the core of the web store. Vijayasarathy (2003) recommends that to sales of product/services to be carried only if suitable to be carried out in ecommerce channel. Boyd (2005) further added that regular online consumer would be satisfied with basic level service provided, trust and further few aspects are discussed below. 5.1 RELATIONSHIP BUILDING AND PHYSICAL PROOF The web store atmospheric evaluation of the online consumer creates the portal impression. The web store physical proof is noted simplicity of usage and fast reply of portal to consumers requests influence the consumers level of shopping experience (Wijnholds and Little, 2001). The core competencies of web store should help them create niche among the other web stores. The web store design should appeal the consumers according to its line of products/services and satisfy their shopping experience. For instance Chanel fashion house website targets the customers with their fashion shows and display of famous models. Relationship building is an important activity to be considered by e-retailers to retain the online consumers. Building relationship is done by basic steps of obtaining feedback and providing reply with quick information (Huang and Shyu, 2009). For instance, travel websites provide online consumers with FAQs, chat sessions, quick information regarding the travel options and availabilities (Allred et al. 2006). Sun (2010) believe that the effort of the e-retailer to retain online consumer with various aspects has positive effect on online consumers behaviour. 6.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research questions are the most important aspects of this management project, In which it defines the current online consumer patterns in India and benchmarking of Indian online consumption with USA. The methodology includes the detail analysis and study in the Indian e-commerce Market with online consumers behaviour in relation to the discussion from literature review. The answer for the research problem is provided based on the related aspects that are discussed in the literature review, the case study methodology is applied for the gathering of analysis, data and the ways to form recommendations on what to do improvise the current trends. The nature of the research problem will define the choice of research method. The nature of phenomena to be researched states the research method sustainability (Morgan and Smircich, 1980). To form the basis for the research theoretical perspective is chooses as choice for methodology. Levy (2006) stated that Methodology, methods, theoretical perspective and Epistemology are the four elements of research design. 6.1 RESEARCH DESIGN: EPISTEMOLOGY The process of Epistemology is the research design that relates the knowledge and it usage and adequacy using the philosophical grounding (Levy, 2006). Constructionism and Objectivist are the two main underlined epistemology. Objectivism Constructionism Positivism Interpretivism Grounded Theory Survey One- to- one Interviews Case Study Focus Group Sampling Measurement and Scaling Figure : Research Design elements Source: (Crotty, 1998) It is discovered that if the research of objectivists is carried out in proper manner there are possibilities to find the truth. But objectivists are rejected by constructionists that there is no process discovering or finding truth. The communication with various realities of the global can only derive truth. Thus the constructionists mean that nothing is discovered but is only constructed (Levy, 2006). Above figure states the research design elements associated to quantitative and qualitative methodology. 6.2 PHILOSOPHY OF RESEARCH: THEORETICAL There are two approaches of the philosophy of research: Interpretivism and Positivist. Interpretivism posses that researchers have no access to the actual world and their awareness of the perception of the current world is significant, in which they could be understood by the usage of intrepretivist processes. Positivism is the associated to the objectivism epistemology and based on the assumption that there is ways to acquire concrete knowledge about the truth (Carson et al. 2001). Positivist is the one who considers the object and the subject or the researcher as independent and two different aspects. The knowledge that could be acquired beyond the human awareness is ascertained by positivists. These set of researchers believe human awareness about the world and the view of the objective ascertains the total view of base for the human awareness (Webber, 2004). The large number of positivists tends to analyse the history, culture, experience and so on all those that creates the research. Survey, field experiments and laboratory experiments are research methodologies available for the usage by positivists. The philosophy of research applied in this project is the internpretivism. It is believed that researchers who watch and reality they believe cannot be separated. Throughout their life their perceptions or the concept about world is brought from the flow of experiences (Weber, 2004). The awareness the interpretivists structure imitates their culture, experience, own goals, etc. Few characteristics of Interpretivist are discussed below: Researchers are motivated by episodes of concepts and approaches of qualitative measures. The focal point of research is the process of analysing the happenings under the given circumstances. Including the various concerns like individual perspectives, researcher involvement, and multiple realities. Tendency of usage towards the phenomenographic, enthographic and case studies. They are concerned to defend the acquired awareness through research process. Conclusions made by the researcher are reasonable and the research is carried in the context of researcher examination of evidences. The researcher believes that clubbing of both research process and its subjectivity an portray the steps taken to assess limitations of the subjectivity (Weber, 2004) RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Methodological approach is not only affected by the research philosophy like epistemology but it also affects the interpretivist approach. The researcher study is focused on understanding and interpretation (Carson et al, 2001) and motivated to relate personal experience and knowledge in the interpretivist framework. The conclusion is that it is based on the approach of qualitative. The study that is not made by the means of quantifications and means of statistical procedures to define the findings of the research as qualitative approach (Levy, 2006). When the main scope of the study is to construct theory with effective methodology then it is the qualitative methodology. This research involves researcher reactions and views, documents, questionnaires, interviews and observations. The qualitative methodology basis form is done by the grounded theory method. The fundamental aspect of the grounded theory model is that to discover and read the data from various series through observations through where the core points are extracted and marked (Strauss and Corbin, 1998). Research theory is grounded in association to the repeated reference of the knowledge. Interpretivist research with complex social process among people is required to carried out in solving the research problem using the grounded theory (Carson et al. 2001). RESEARCH METHODS CASE STUDY METHOD The analysis of complexity and particularity of a case or issue reaching to point of acquiring knowledge of the core circumstances (Stake, 1995). It is focus light over a certain instance (Denscombe). The investigation and study at one instance can help to define and discover details that were never discovered in any other researches. The four stages of case study work: Analysing the current situation. Which is carried out through semi structured and structured interviews. Information collection on the current and background of the circumstances. This is carried out through interviews, documentation references and observations. Gathering more precise information, through the observations, interviews and exploration of information. Analysis presentation of recommendations and observations. The progression of intensive knowledge and development of details regarding certain circumstances of a case result in formation of a case study (Saunder et al, 1997). The various questions that arise from the management project are answered by the case study. The study to analyse the effects of past issues, current issues and its influences on the organisational units is the basic approach of case study (Jankowicz, 2005). According to Yin (1984) case study analysis has four core issues that are external validity, construct validity, internal validity and reliability. A concern that creates issue in the operations of the analysis, where the data collected is repeated with similar results is the reliability issue. Establishment of relationships that are important for the comparison of research methods like survey is considered by the internal validity. To control the chances of researcher misinterprets the information and end up with wrong recommendation and conclusions are controlled by construction validity which employs correct methods. The study conclusions that are comprehensive are concerns that are established by external validity. There are various concerns that arise case study approach, those are rigour, reliability, validity, time and information overload, subjective bias and generalisation (Burns, 2000). The various issues are considered and case study approach is applied based on highlighting the concerns. 7.0 INDIAN ONLINE CONSUMPTION BEHAVIOUR 7.1 BACKGROUND 7.2 CURRENT ONLINE CONSUMPTION PATTERNS IN INDIA Traditional Indian retail consumption of touch and buy is changing to click and buy. But the online consumers in India are not really buying the concept of online shopping in the present scenario of nascent ecommerce. (http://www.juxtconsult.com/Reports/Juxt_India_Online_2009_Main_Report.pdf) From the report of Juxconsult online shoppers in India for 2009 are 9 million with 3.5 million are buyers and remaining are the internet consumers who search but do not prefer online stores are browsers. TRAVEL SECTOR The major Indian online consumption comes from the worlds second largest rail network one that caters to 13 million passengers every day, the network that has been the back bone of Indian economy for more than a hundred and fifty years. When the Indian railways launched its online bookings in 2005 everyone expected it to be a success but no one guessed how big the portal would grow to be. Currently Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation (IRCTC) portal leads Indias e-commerce market (http://www.irctc.com/annual_report.html). In April 2010 IRCTC reported that it registered 9 million transactions (http://www.pluggd.in/irctc-transactions-tickets-sold-worth-6-billion-april-2009-297/) and it is the top e-governance project executed in India. IRCTC web portal also started its service of air ticketing thats because the Indian middle class have been actively logging in to buy air tickets online in the past few years. The travel vertical accounts for 80% e-commerce in India. These are the various reasons travel sector is one of the most successful e-commerce verticals in the country. The travel sector e-commerce is quick transaction process for online consumer. The relationship of travel sector and e-commerce in India is becoming stronger in days time. Travel sector e-commerce is a fixed business model with low certain margins, experience air travel and global economic downturn meant that the travel e-commerce need to face the loses, thats when the travel portals choose to diversify their interests like value added services like hotel bookings, car rentals, bus and rail tickets. From travel to classified the next most successful vertical CLASSIFIEDS SECTOR The classifieds sector is divided into many markets but matrimony, jobs and real estates forms the major share of the sector. Among them in terms of revenue matrimony is the largest because matrimony is largest as it is fixed subscription business model. Blending tradition with the new age technology this portals essentially charge a subscription fee to allow a user to post and search profiles on their account, Apart from this these portals make revenue through match-making schemes and online ads. Indian online consumers prefer these organised matrimonial services because of the pressure to get married and few their opportunities to meet potential partners. For the job segment portals are making huge revenue with recruitment and personnel services, traffic grow frequently by 30% every few months. The 60% of job recruitments in India are don

The Last Day :: essays papers

The Last Day Confusion raced through her mind. The other life was just an action away. She didn’t want to be here anymore and she was ready to leave. She was tired of always getting hurt; nothing could be worse than the life she was living. Sure, there were people who loved her, but she didn’t love herself enough to stay here. All of the pain would stop with just one or two strokes of the blade against her wrists. Tristyn picks up the phone and dials a number she has dialed everyday for the past two years. â€Å"Hey girl!† Wendy says as she answers the phone. â€Å"Hey.† replies Tristyn. â€Å"I’m gonna have to call you back; I’m on the other line.† â€Å"No, it’s alright. Just one question†¦how do you slit your wrists? Is it sideways or up and down?† â€Å"I did it sideways, but you are supposed to do it up and down on the main artery.† â€Å"Alright, bye.† She hangs up the phone and sits for a minute. Everything would be so much easier if I just weren’t here anymore. I wouldn’t have to see her everyday and know that I can’t have her. Will everyone understand that I had to do this? I hate to hurt people but I just can’t take this pain anymore. I just hope that everyone understands, but at least I won’t be here to hear everyone talking about how stupid I was to take my life. They just don’t understand. Emili walks into the room and looks at the girl she used to love. â€Å"You can’t do this Tristyn! I’ll call the cops right now!† says Emili. â€Å"The cops aren’t going to do *censored* to me! Just go pack your stuff and leave me alone!! You don’t care anyway!† Tristyn shouts. All Tristyn can do is lay on the couch and cry. She prays that her mom can understand why she had to do this. She doubts that she will. Tristyn lies on the tan nubuck leather couch her mom bought her and reflects on her life and all that has happened to lead her to this low point. Tristyn had always been given all the things she ever wanted or needed. Her mom had always made sure that she never did without. Tristyn hoped that her mom did not blame herself for any of this. There was no one to blame but herself, she knew that, for getting pulled in once again, only to be hurt for the final time.

Partnership Working Essay

Partnership work is essential when providing person centred support and it also the only way to address some of the govements most challenging long term social objectives. The national services frame work for older people 2001 (24-25) also outlines expectations around integrated working bet between health services and social care agencies working towards a single assessment process and joint commissioning. The health act reinforces the importance of joint working The white paper July 2012 also state about working together long term paths and goals for a single assessment proses all working together to ensure all needs are met and people are in control know where to go and how to access making it easier to get what you need and when preventing delays lack of support the wrong support etc. Change work in partnership and provide the services people need and want in a streamlined and readily accessible manner. When organisations work closely together it has a positive impact on peoples lives. When they develop shared protocols and co-ordinated interventions, people are able to access and use services more easily and effectively. It requires innovation and leadership and leads to reduced time, cost and duplication as well as simplified and accessible services, which improve wellbeing. Successful partnerships need will address the tensions between structures and cultures particularly in relation to national targets. They need to face the challenges associated with integrating services that are based on fundamentally different principles of governance and different types of central and local government accountability. The outcome is always to improve the quality of life and improved health and emotional wellbeing for all individuals using or needed services. At a time when the whole of the public sector must find significant savings, reports are saying: that integrated working across health and social care offers opportunities for efficiencies and improvements to services. Without it there is a risk of duplication and cost shunting where savings made by one organisation or sector create costs for others. And a lack of integrated working means that people are less likely  to receive the best care. Some of the Befits of good partnership working Being able to offer a whole informed service Being able to tap in to resource which other agency hold which leads to a better outcome for the service user Assistance and help from appropriate people single assessment approach†¦ helping the individual reduce the need to repeat their story to different professionals Clear roles and responsibilities Being able to put in place effective and safe practices around confidentiality and information sharing services user has a legal and moral right to know what information is being shared regarding them The sharing of knowledge and good work practices Services user and staff know when to access further support and how to gain that it in turn providing both with more confidence and better service provision and better outcomes for the services user Benefits for people Services designed to meet people’s needs Improved choice and control Independence and inclusion Targeted help Benefits for partnerships Sharing of knowledge and understanding Pools resources Reduced cost, time and duplication Strong local ownership Benefits for organisation Increased capacity to deliver community services Increased satisfaction with the service Improved performance assessment Improving information sharing between professionals. Improving the efficiency of the care system as a whole. Co-ordinating the provision of care. Improving the planning and commissioning of care so that health and social care services complement rather than disrupt each other. Some of the general Problems with partnership working Despite the introduction of government legislation and initiatives during this time to promote closer multi-agency partnership working there is still: A lack of information sharing across agencies and services Duplicated assessments to identify needs and subsequent provision Poorly co-ordinated integrated activities across agencies Too much ‘buck passing’ and referring on of clients between agencies A lack of continuity and inconsistent levels of service provision Unclear accountability. Despite longstanding support for joint working, it has been beset by problems across all client groups that have been found. Delayed discharges from hospital, mainly of older people. These involve cases when a patient cannot leave hospital because of the unavailability of health or social care services in the community or because of administrative issues within hospitals. NHS cuts to continuing healthcare. This has led to disputes between NHS and social care professionals and shunted costs on to councils, who often have to fund care packages for people no longer fully funded by the NHS. The break-up of community mental health teams. In some areas of England councils have withdrawn social care staff from mental health teams, run by mental health trusts, because of cost pressures or concerns over trusts’ approach to issues including adult safeguarding and the  personalisation of care. A lack of NHS engagement in child protection and a lack of co-ordination of health and social care services for children. Pooled budgets have not translated into improved outcomes. Formal partnership arrangements in some areas have been scrapped following disagreements between partners. More generally, barriers to good partnership working include: Health and social care agencies facing different government performance regimes. Health and social care agencies using different IT systems. Cuts in one budget creating demand pressures in the other. Health and social care staff being on different terms and conditions in integrated teams. Policy and legislation on joint working Some of the agency challenges Financial resources: conflicts within or between agencies, a general lack of funding, concerns about sustainability, staffing. Roles and responsibilities: understanding the roles of others, conflicts over areas of responsibility, the need to move beyond existing roles. Non-financial resources: Time, staff, Communication, Being able to talk to the right person at the right time, All parties getting the information, Build the communication link up, Getting the right people together. Professional and agency cultures: Polices and procedure, training, ways of working, finances knowledge Management: how the management work, how they train and inform the staff the working philosophy, support, structure Government plans and initiatives towards partnership working Under section 75 of the NHS Act 2006, NHS bodies and local authorities in England can pool budgets, join together their staff and management structures or delegate commissioning responsibilities to each other. The Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Act 2007 require primary care trusts and local authorities to produce joint strategic needs assessments of the health and well-being of  their populations. This should shape joint planning of services. The Health and Social Care Bill would establish health and well-being boards in every local authority area to co-ordinate the The 10-year plan for social services, published in 2011, also includes plans to drive integration, for instance by requiring councils and health boards to jointly commission and arrange enablement services, to support people to regain independence. Good practice in joint working The while paper No secrets Outcomes inspected by CQC†¦. etc. What is working in partnership and why is it important Partnerships are about a way of working together rather than about a way of meeting together they involve the dissolution of organisational service and sometimes geographical boundaries and are about overcoming the constraints that these can place around effective outcomes and behaviour Partnership is therefore about focusing on objectives and outcomes that require considerable mutual understanding and trust in order to achieve them, including an awareness of the way in which they can contribute to the objectives of each organisation Crucially, this is likely to mean that the activities of individual members and member organisations will be carried out in a way that contributes wider benefits and longer term gains than if they were carried out in isolation. Partnership working is perhaps best seen as a spectrum, ranging from informal networking forums, consulting and sharing an information and intelligence, through to formal strategic alliances where partners come together to achieve common goals by changing the way that they work. It is critical for partnerships to understand where they lie on this spectrum as it will shape the way the partners work together, the commitment required and the achievements expected. There can often be confusions among partners about the nature of the partnership and this can seriously undermine progress. Partnerships should focus on doing those things that only they can do by working together – and that no-one  else can do better or more efficiently on their own. They should ensure that all the required members are round the table and that they are represented at the right level, and that they have ways of drawing on a much wider range of insights, experience, perspectives and expertise. Organisations should encourage and support partnership working across all their staff. They should offer opportunities to develop partnership skills and they should recognise and reward effective partnership behaviour. Good training and information on partnership working to staff so they can ensure good partnership working that they have the knowledge to support the services users and their families to ensure on going best support and practises. The more partnership working we as an organisation can do the more effective safe and services user focused sevice we can deliver. Partnerships need to maintain a strong connection to clients in terms of: Being able to draw on the service user experience of support and the extent to which this helps them make progress in their lives Creating ways of involving service user in the design of services Capturing the difference that services user perceive in the accessibility, quality and coherence of services.

Critical Action Learning Report Essay Sample

Critical Action Learning Report Essay Sample Critical Action Learning Report Essay Sample Critical Action Learning Report Essay Sample Increased consideration is being directed on the value of critical approaches to promote leadership and management growth. This report details how CAL perspectives can be applied to provide valuable learning and growth by way of critically reflective activities. CAL models do not only explore primary power and control problems but also actively incorporate tests of political as well as cultural activities influencing company life. These perspectives allow progression above instrumental ways to value complexity of management and leadership development. The aim of this paper is to explore importance of CAL in problem identification, assessment and development of solutions along with determining criteria applied in the process, challenges encountered and the nature of outcomes. Role of Critical Action Learning Critical Action Learning attempts to demonstrate the role management power interactions play in action learning. As such, the emphasis of Critical Action Learning is diversified to among others, enlighten of individual learner and ways in which learning is encouraged, avoided and prevented within groups and in companies through power relation. According to Stacy (2011), CAL is a model commonly used in numerous leadership and management growth activities. Action learning is a diversified activity that has been applied to explain numerous approaches. In practice, CAL is based on the fact that learning is an activity that can develop when individuals or groups are assisted to reflect on perceptions and actions taken when dealing with real company issues. According to Volberda and Lewin (2003), action learning is a model of developing individuals in companies which takes the activity as a vehicle for learning. It is based on the assumption that there is no learning that can occur without action and that there cannot be a good and deliberate activity without learning. He infers that the method can only be accomplished on integration of several commodities. Such commodities include people who take responsibility for action on a given issue or challenge and problems that they face (Watson, Buckley Mills, 2011). They also include a group of individuals to challenge themselves in order to enhance development on a particular issue. Workplace Problem Identification The research touched on a problem in which the CEO of an organization where I work could not deal with various complexities that were emerging within the workplace. The CEO could take time before making decisions on any issue that affected the company and led the company to lag behind within the industry. According to (Volberda and Lewin, 2003), CEOs and other managers of organizations have a central responsibility in developing learning models to be used by employees and management in order to keep the organization on toes to any emerging affair that may affect the organization. Furthermore, a manager who is not adaptive to various aspects that influence operations of an organization can translate to a big blow on the general activities in terms of productivity, sales and ultimately, profitability. Such was the case with our company. Since the company owners could not allow activities to flow the way they were supposed meant that something had to be done. It was through these issues there was a need to come up with solutions by exploring other possible business structures that could offer advantages of quick reaction to all departments of the company. Steps Taken to Assess and Address Workplace Issues The major model that was dealt with in this case was Complex Adaptive System (CAS). For the last 3 decades, the speed with which business cycle is done has increased dramatically. There are significant changes that are taking place faster than the past product cycles while markets have turned out to be nearly unpredictable such that traditional management paradigms are not capable of maintaining a stable rate (Joiner Josephs, 2006). At our company, this had been a notable issue in that transforming from traditional to modern organizational management styles, which are currently applied in our company, was quite slow. CAS was suggested and proved to help the management solve the problems that it was facing. In this case an organization is reviewed as an adaptive system that should match to complexities of its surrounding. In this organization, employees complained about difficulties of coordination between departments and, consequently, several other activities of the company. Anderson (1999), infers that this kind of workplace problem may sometimes emerge after an organization starts its operation or when executing a strategy because is caused by changes in technology and other managerial aspects in the workplace. The CEO has to be keen in order to incorporate such challenges into the organization culture since not all of these challenges can be eliminated. Maguire and colleagues (2006), recognized that a choice has to be made between maintaining the norm of complexity reduction and adopting an appropriate mechanism for current issue of several competitors. These policies are examined coupled with their merits and demerits to determine the most appropriate and convenient way in arriving at timely decisions to solve such workplace problems. The problem was also identified under the premises that in any organization customers are taken to be the pillars of the company success. Stacy (2011), recognizes that decline in customer base is a clear indication of a firm’s negative growth. This major problem was accomplished by some other minor issues which can be routed from customer dissatisfaction such as reduced returns due to disloyal customers diverting to competitor’s products and services. In order to deal with such a problem in the workplace, Anderson (1999), recognizes two modes of adaptation to such complex environment namely; complexity absorption and complexity reduction (Simon, 1962). He notes that complexity absorption creates choices and risk controlling techniques through alliances. Most importantly, complexity reduction advances directly after it has been comprehended. Simon (1962), recognizes that there is other organizational information space, also referred to as I-Space approach to the two models mention above. The approach includes abstraction, codification and diffusion of information as an attribute of organizational culture. Abstraction refers to reduction in the total amount of data to be assigned for particular phenomenon (Boulding, 1956). Codification, on the other hand, entails giving form to a particular phenomenon by assigning its data. Lastly, a diffusion aspect occurs when information is spread through population of data dispensation agents. Simon (1962), recognizes the strength and structure of algorithmic information complexity in a manner that equates its levels of abstraction and codification. Fabric of information diffusion is only realized through identification of system sections and richness of cross coupling (Maguire, McKelvey, Mirabeau Oztas, 2006). Role of Literature in Informing the Process Literature played a huge role in informing the whole process of problem identification, Assessment, evaluation and formulation of solutions. Volberda and Lewin (2003), proposed that analysis and its practical application can be used to enable CEO make quick and rational decisions that will consequently enhance timely and appropriate response to consumer complaint and, thus, retain them in the organization. Gone are the days when little number of competitors in the market, hence, organizations operating in current environment have to adapt a system of timely and right decision making. The CEO will, therefore, have to incorporate any or the four approaches with the right mode of complex theorist mentioned in the previous paragraph. Another issue concerned poor planning and strategy development methods in the workplace applied by the CEO. With this problem, there is a vital need for a holistic paradigm to run and ensure consistency in responsibility of changing and complex environment for community, business, and individuals. According to Highsmith (2013), when future research is joined with workplace theory, there can be increased comprehension of complex and dynamic nature of a workplace. This investigation contributes to knowledge by showing the way future studies can assist the CEO think, plan, and act creatively to offer better workplace strategies. The model also offers another contribution to knowledge and growth of future oriented framework which can be applied in the workplace to show how the CEO can use future studies in such situation. Anderson (1999), recognizes that the workplace today is different from the past and that it will keep on changing. . The change is attributed to not only external force s like economic, societal, demographic, technological and environmental but also the internal institutional trends and real estate industry change. Role of Dialogue and Activities Dialogue and activities throughout the module played a huge role in informing the whole process. Major lessons learned through conversations and practice engagement enhanced corrective steps to be followed. Watching videos and reading literature including class conversations enhanced the entire process. In his video, West (2011), recognizes that the workplace of yesterday has been replaced by the networked office, which seems to be the best concept for a company in changing and complex environment of today. According to Maguire (2006), there are other alternative space concepts that can be incorporated in the networked office such as distributed, sustainable and collaborative workplace. Therefore, for our and other similar CEOs and managers, Stacy (2011), recognizes that the same office will be there in future but it will have changed in that the city and virtual environments will be the order of the day. When such managers embrace the futures theory, it will be easy to adapt to the ever changing complexities in the workplace environment. There are various approaches and models that deal with complex adaptive systems (Narendra Annaswamy, 2012). Depending on the situation to be addressed, the use of the right theory or model can prove essential in assisting managers comfortably adapt to changes that occurs in organizational dynamics and complexities. Dialogue and module activities also informed of another approach to critical action learning that is collaboration and engagement. Maguire et al. (2006), highlighted that critical action should be perceived as a group process for personal problem solving and at the same time, a collective process in a particular context for inquiring into real organizational projects and actions. Underpinned in critical action learning should be learning groups and society that are fundamental in creating collaborative relationship. They also assist in providing adequate chances to develop skills necessary for working in partnerships, associations and cross organizational boundaries. Uniqueness of collaborative relationship is that it offers a means for self-governance, shared decision making and problem solving which enable individuals to possess and be accountable for their actions (McKelvey, 2002). Developing Solutions Solutions were developed after keen reference to literature and module activities. Referring to the company of interest, Highsmith (2013), proposed that the management should allow employees to contribute in strategic discussion. Being engaged in decision making process, within their organizations, employees feel the urge of responsibility for their actions since they know that they are decision makers. Even if they may not be punished in case of failure of action that they proposed, they tend to feel directly accountable to the decisions adopted in which they had played a role in their adoption and implementation. Therefore, the CEO was advised to emphasize on patterns of communication and encourage a culture that promotes collaboration and sharing within the organization departments. Knowles and Gilbourne (2004), further the collaborative and engagement approach and says that it enhances open and iterative nature of learning. Critical learning societies offer a platform where comparatively intellectual ideas can be discussed and applied (Knowles Gilbourne, 2004). She exemplifies the manner in which politics and organizing associate in the context of open platform and experimentation by examining the notion of engaging insights (Volberda Lewin, 2003). According to Senge (1990), collaborative insights offer a synergy with significant learning since both the management and employees can interact about important for the organization matters and come up with practical way of solving issues in question. Another vital approach in critical action learning is a concept of creation of an open environment identified by Highsmith (2013). The concept entails ability to deal with unexpected circumstances. When the organization operates on flexible procedures such that it can shift to effective terms of operation when they occur; probably because they did not exist, the company is bound to overcome numerous challenges compared to a company which operates in closed environment. Stacy (2011), describes an open environment as that which runs on a broad vision of going for nothing but the best. This implies that even the employees have freedom to bring on board any suggestions which they think may increase organizational productivity, sales and ultimately profits (Highsmith, 2013). Moreover, such organization operates in a transparent environment where communication is not restricted to any specific direction. Management of the company was advised to adopt an open environment management to overc ome the workplace problems it was experiencing (Beach, Bird Gibbs, 1987). The company was able to develop a vibrant physical as well as virtual environment that creates transparency and openness apart from investing in communication systems. According to William (2007), the way communication is done matters more than the subject of communication itself. The organization succeeded in adapting to unexpected occurrences by abandoning narrow communication paths that do not achieve communicating expected information and set up unstructured, open communication paths like open space events that enable an open exchange for knowledge and ideas. Plan for Action In professional practice, one should be able to develop skills in problem solving and effective decision making. In the case, it is clear that critical reflection and change are central features of complex problem solving. Preparing for professional practice will need me to have the idea of reflection, especially on experience that is vital to the theories of learning which have come in handy to inform action leaning practice. Anderson (1996), argues that reflection enhances depth and relevance of organizational learning to deal with emergence of self-insight and development to enhance transferable ideal of reflective practitioner. I will also need to engage in effective conversations and dialogue in order to enhance company learning and change. I will also need to understand that critical reflection is not only about problem solving but includes comprehending the whole organization or individual as mediated through experience. I have also realized that there is a connection between how an individual manages his personal life and how he manages an organization. Such realizations will assist me to be a change agent within my organization. In conclusion, it is evident that the sense of reflection should be part of an action plan. The CEO natural life is that of slow but sure. He likes doing his activities without haste and with great meticulousness. This character shows how he involuntarily fined himself running the company. Before, he was a slow decision maker as he took his time pondering on consequences of his actions. However, considering the fact that the organization is surrounded by numerous competitors, any delay in appropriate action may result into loss of business and reduced margins. Thus, his slow character ought to be improved by the appropriate critical learning approach. Critical reflection into experiences within and outside the organization will play a huge role in enhancing formulating solutions to the problem. Solving complex problems within an organization requires a complex approach as well.